> Shenzhou XVI crew safely lands on Earth after five-month mission
神舟十六號(hào)飛船返回艙成功著陸
The Shenzhou XVI mission crew returned to Earth on Tuesday morning, concluding a historic, five-month mission. The Shenzhou XVI spacecraft's reentry capsule, carrying the three astronauts — mission commander Major General Jing Haipeng, Colonel Zhu Yangzhu and Professor Gui Haichao — touched down at 8:11 am at the Dongfeng Landing Site in Gobi Desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region.
10月31日上午，神舟十六號(hào)載人飛船返回地球，結(jié)束了為期五個(gè)月的歷史性任務(wù)。神舟十六號(hào)載人飛船的返回艙載著三名宇航員——指令長景海鵬 、航天飛行工程師朱楊柱、載荷專家桂海潮，于當(dāng)日上午8點(diǎn)11分在內(nèi)蒙古的沙漠戈壁區(qū)東風(fēng)著陸場成功著陸。
Following safety checks outside the capsule, ground recovery personnel opened the hatch of the bell-shaped vehicle and conducted a preliminary examination of the astronauts' condition. Sitting inside the capsule, Jing told ground controllers in Beijing via radio that his team had landed safely and were "feeling pretty good".
在太空艙外進(jìn)行安全檢查后，地面回收人員打開了鐘形太空艙的艙門，對(duì)宇航員的狀況進(jìn)行了初步檢查。坐在太空艙里的景海鵬通過無線電告訴北京的地面控制人員，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)安全著陸且“感覺很好”。
Jing's team entered the Tiangong station on May 30. Their journey was China's 11th manned spaceflight and the fifth crewed mission to the Tiangong space station. The journey was the debut flight of China's third generation of astronauts. For the next six months, Tiangong will be manned by the Shenzhou XVII crew, who arrived at the space station on Thursday evening.
神舟十六號(hào)機(jī)組人員于今年5月30日進(jìn)入天宮站。這是中國第11次載人航天飛行，也是第五次進(jìn)入天宮空間站執(zhí)行載人飛行任務(wù)，同樣還是中國第三代航天員的首次飛行。在接下來的六個(gè)月里，天宮站將由神舟十七號(hào)機(jī)組負(fù)責(zé)，他們已于26日晚間抵達(dá)空間站。
> Getting less slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of dementia
研究：深睡眠時(shí)間減少將增大患癡呆癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
Loss of slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia, according to a new study.
一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著年齡增長，慢波睡眠時(shí)間的減少可能會(huì)增加患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
"We found that aging was associated with a decline in the amount of the deepest stages of sleep, known as slow wave sleep,” said Matthew P. Pase, senior author of the study published Monday in the journal JAMA Neurology, via email. Pase is an associate professor of psychology and neurology at Monash University in Australia.
上月30日發(fā)表在學(xué)術(shù)期刊《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志—神經(jīng)病學(xué)》上的這項(xiàng)研究的資深作者、澳大利亞莫納什大學(xué)心理學(xué)與神經(jīng)學(xué)副教授馬修?P?帕賽在電子郵件中說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡增長與深睡眠（即慢波睡眠）數(shù)量的減少有關(guān)?！?br>
"We then found that persons with greater declines in slow wave sleep over time had a higher risk of getting dementia over the next 17 years of follow-up,” said Pase via email.
帕賽在電郵中說：“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，慢波睡眠下降幅度較大的人在接下來17年的隨訪中患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高?！?br>
Slow-wave sleep is the third stage of sleep, which is important for brain health. During this stage, the body removes unwanted, or potentially harmful, materials from the brain — including beta-amyloid protein, a hallmark sign of Alzheimer’s disease. "Results suggest that chronic declines in slow wave sleep, rather than individual differences at any given time, are important for predicting dementia risk,” Pase said.
慢波睡眠是睡眠的第三個(gè)階段，對(duì)大腦健康非常重要。在這一階段的睡眠中，人體會(huì)清除大腦中不需要或可能有害的物質(zhì)，包括β-淀粉樣蛋白，這種物質(zhì)是阿爾茨海默病的一個(gè)標(biāo)志性特征。
The researchers studied 346 people who were aged 69 on average and had participated in the Framingham Heart Study and completed two overnight sleep studies — one between 1995 to 1998 and the second between 1998 to 2001 — during which their sleep was monitored. Launched by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 1948, the Framingham Heart Study identifies common factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. The authors also investigated whether any changes in the amount of slow-wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies.
研究人員對(duì)平均年齡為69歲、參加過弗雷明漢心臟研究的346人進(jìn)行了研究，分別在1995年至1998年間以及1998年至2001年間完成了兩項(xiàng)夜間睡眠研究，在這期間對(duì)他們的睡眠進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測。美國國家心肺和血液研究所1948年發(fā)起的弗雷明漢心臟研究查明了導(dǎo)致心血管疾病的常見因素。研究作者還調(diào)查了參與者慢波睡眠時(shí)間的任何變化是否與完成睡眠研究17年后患癡呆癥有關(guān)。
By that time, 52 participants had been diagnosed with dementia. Each percentage decrease in slow-wave sleep per year was linked with a 27% increased risk of developing dementia and a 32% higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease dementia. The rate of slow-wave sleep loss accelerated from age 60, peaked from ages 75 to 80 and slowed afterward.
研究結(jié)束17年內(nèi)，已有52名參與者確診了癡呆癥。慢波睡眠時(shí)間每年每減少1%，患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就增加27%，患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就增加32%。慢波睡眠時(shí)間減少速度從60歲起加快，在75歲至80歲期間達(dá)到頂峰，之后又逐漸變慢。
Those who experienced declines in this deep sleep were more likely to have cardiovascular disease, take medications that affect sleep and carry a gene that makes people more at risk for Alzheimer’s (the APOE ε4 allele).
深睡眠減少的人群更可能患上心血管疾病，以及服用影響睡眠的藥物，攜帶阿爾茨海默病高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基因APOE ε4 allele的人也更可能出現(xiàn)深睡眠減少。