> Over 1 in 10 young adults regularly use e-cigarettes, CDC report says
美國疾控中心：超10%美國年輕人經(jīng)常吸食電子煙
More than one in 10 young adults in the United States regularly use e-cigarettes, according to a new report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
據(jù)美國疾控中心的最新報告顯示，全美超十分之一的年輕人經(jīng)常吸食電子煙。
The study, conducted by CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics, provides a snapshot of e-cigarette use in 2021. Based on data from the National Health Interview Survey, the report identified that e-cigarette use generally declined as family income increased. Adults under 44 were more likely to be dual users of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
一份由美國疾控中心的國家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計中心發(fā)起的研究呈現(xiàn)了2021年美國的電子煙使用情況。據(jù)美國國民健康訪問調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，電子煙的吸食情況與家庭收入成反比。而44歲以下的成年人更有可能是香煙和電子煙的雙重吸食者。
Previous findings from the National Health Interview Survey have shown that cigarette use has fallen to record lows. E-cigarettes, however, have flared in popularity.
此前美國國民健康訪問調(diào)查稱，香煙的吸食情況已經(jīng)降至歷史最低水平。然而電子煙卻開始流行起來。
From 2020 to 2022, e-cigarette sales jumped in the US, to 22.7 million products sold each month, according to previous CDC research. More brands – particularly of disposable e-cigarette products – entered the market, while fruit and candy flavors that appeal to younger users surged in popularity.
據(jù)美疾控中心之前的研究，從2020年到2022年，美國的電子煙銷量增速迅猛，月銷量達(dá)到2270萬支。越來越多的品牌進(jìn)入市場，尤其是一次性的電子煙，而水果味和糖果味的電子煙備受年輕人的青睞。
The new data indicates that a little under 1 in 20 adults reported in 2021 that they were current e-cigarette users, with slightly higher rates among men than women. Young adults, between the ages of 18 and 24, used e-cigarettes the most, with 11% indicating that they actively consumed the products.
新的數(shù)據(jù)表明，2021年，每20個成年人中有不到1位電子煙的使用者，并且男性使用者的比例略高。而處于18至24歲的年輕人是電子煙的最大使用群體，11%的人表示他們積極消費(fèi)電子煙。
For Dr. Joanna Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at Johns Hopkins University, the young demographic of e-cigarette users is worrying. Young people who have never smoked cigarettes – rather than older cigarette users trying to break the habit – make up the bulk of e-cigarette consumers.
美國約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)全球煙草控制研究所主任喬安娜?科恩博士認(rèn)為，電子煙的用戶群體低齡化令人擔(dān)憂。從未吸過煙的年輕人——而非嘗試戒煙的年長煙民——成為電子煙的主要消費(fèi)群體。
According to the new report, adults with higher family incomes used e-cigarettes less, with those making over four times the federal poverty level reporting the lowest e-cigarette use rates.
報告稱，家庭收入較高的成年人會更少吸食電子煙，收入超過聯(lián)邦貧困水平四倍的群體是電子煙使用率最低的群體。
White adults were the most likely to be current e-cigarette users of any racial group, with over double the rates of Black survey respondents.
白人成年人更傾向于吸食電子煙，其比例是黑人受訪者的兩倍多。
“Tobacco companies are masters of targeted marketing as well as manipulation,” Cohen said. “They want to make products that are attractive and appealing to a variety of demographics and ages. They also heavily promote their products … to particularly what we might call vulnerable populations.”
“煙草公司十分擅長目標(biāo)營銷和市場操縱，”科恩說?！八麄兿胫圃煊形Φ漠a(chǎn)品，吸引各種人口和年齡的人。他們還大力推銷自己的產(chǎn)品，特別是我們所說的弱勢群體?！?/p>
The CDC report arrives days after the American Heart Association released a statement warning of the health risks of e-cigarette use.
美國疾控中心發(fā)布了美國心臟協(xié)會的一份聲明，聲明中警告人們吸食電子煙的健康風(fēng)險。
The statement sounded an alarm about the harmful properties of ingredients used in e-cigarettes, including nicotine – the addictive chemical in the products – and flavoring agents. It notes that those compounds have been shown to carry risks for heart and lung disease in animal studies and that they could pose “dangerous health risks” in humans.
該聲明對電子煙中所含成分的有害性發(fā)出警告，包括具有成癮性的尼古丁和調(diào)味劑。聲明指出，在動物研究中，這些物質(zhì)已被證實存在引發(fā)心臟及肺部疾病的風(fēng)險，并可能對人類健康構(gòu)成威脅。
“There is research indicating that nicotine-containing e-cigarettes are associated with acute changes in several hemodynamic measures, including increases in blood pressure and heart rate,” Dr. Jason J. Rose, chair of the American Heart Association’s scientific statement writing committee and an associate professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, said in a news release.
美國心臟協(xié)會科學(xué)聲明撰寫委員會主席、馬里蘭大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)副教授杰森?J?羅斯博士在新聞發(fā)布會上表示：“研究表明，含有尼古丁的電子煙與幾種血液動力學(xué)指標(biāo)的急性變化有關(guān)，包括血壓以及心率的升高。”
The group also warned that e-cigarette products can contain other substances, including THC, the psychoactive chemical in cannabis, methamphetamine, methadone and vitamins.
該組織還警告說，電子煙產(chǎn)品可能含有其他物質(zhì)，包括大麻中的精神活性化學(xué)物質(zhì)四氫大麻酚、甲基苯丙胺、美沙酮和維生素。
According to the statement, comprehensive research on e-cigarettes is limited, but some studies have linked use to the development of respiratory diseases like asthma and emphysema.
據(jù)該聲明稱，對于電子煙的全面研究依然有限，但一些研究已經(jīng)表明吸食電子煙可能會引發(fā)哮喘、肺氣腫和慢性阻塞性肺病。
The American Heart Association recommended further research on the long-term consequences of e-cigarettes on the heart, blood vessels and lungs.
美國心臟協(xié)會建議進(jìn)一步研究電子煙對心臟、血管以及肺部的長期影響。
> Business magazine releases China 500 companies list
《財富》中國500強(qiáng)發(fā)布
Business magazine Fortune released its latest China 500 companies list on Tuesday, with the total revenue and profits of the 500 companies hitting $15 trillion (107 trillion yuan) and $717.1 billion in 2022.
7月25日，2023年《財富》中國500強(qiáng)排行榜正式發(fā)布。今年500家上榜的中國公司在2022年的總營業(yè)收入達(dá)到15萬億美元，凈利潤達(dá)到7171億美元。
State Grid received $530 billion in revenue, taking the top spot on the Fortune China 500 list, followed by China National Petroleum and Sinopec Group, with revenue at $483 billion and $471.15 billion.
國家電網(wǎng)的營業(yè)收入為5300億美元，位居《財富》中國500強(qiáng)榜首，其次是中國石油天然氣集團(tuán)公司和中石化集團(tuán)公司，營業(yè)收入分別為4830億美元和4711.5億美元。
The metal products industry has 56 companies in the rankings, thereby claiming the largest number of companies on the list.
金屬產(chǎn)品行業(yè)共有56家公司上榜，是今年上榜公司數(shù)量最多的行業(yè)。
The top three profitable companies are Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), China Construction Bank, and Agricultural Bank of China, with profits at $53.59 billion, $48.15 billion and $38.52 billion, respectively.
在盈利方面排名前三的公司是中國工商銀行、中國建設(shè)銀行和中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行，利潤分別為535.9億美元、481.5億美元和385.2億美元。
Andon Health, a healthcare electronics manufacturer, has the highest net profit rate of 60.92 percent among the 500 companies.
在上榜企業(yè)中，九安醫(yī)療以60.9%的凈利潤率位居凈利潤率榜榜首。
