> Anger Does a Lot More Damage to Your Body Than You Realize
憤怒遠(yuǎn)比你想象得更傷身！研究：會傷害大腦和腸胃系統(tǒng)
Getting angry doesn’t just hurt our mental health, it’s also damaging to our hearts, brains and gastrointestinal systems, according to doctors and recent research.
醫(yī)生和最新的研究都指出，憤怒不僅會影響心理健康，還會傷害心臟、大腦和腸胃系統(tǒng)。
One recent study found that anger can raise the risk of heart attacks because it impairs the functioning of blood vessels.
最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，憤怒會增加心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼤p害血管的功能。
Researchers examined the impact of three different emotions on the heart: anger, anxiety and sadness. One participant group did a task that made them angry, another did a task that made them anxious, while a third did an exercise designed to induce sadness.
研究人員檢測了三種不同情緒（憤怒、焦慮和悲傷）對心臟的影響。參與者被分成三組，分別執(zhí)行會誘發(fā)憤怒、焦慮和悲傷情緒的任務(wù)。
The scientists then tested the functioning of the blood vessels in each participant. Those in the angry group had worse blood flow than those in the others; their blood vessels didn’t dilate as much.
然后，科學(xué)家測量了每位參與者的血管功能。結(jié)果顯示，憤怒組的人血液流動和血管擴(kuò)張力比其他兩組更差。
"We speculate over time if you’re getting these chronic insults to your arteries because you get angry a lot, that will leave you at risk for having heart disease,” says Dr. Daichi Shimbo, a professor of medicine at Columbia University and lead author of the study.
該研究的主要作者、哥倫比亞大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)教授新保大地（音譯）博士推測：“如果經(jīng)常生氣，導(dǎo)致血管長期受損，就會增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”
Anger can harm our cognitive functioning, says Joyce Tam, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. It involves the nerve cells in the prefrontal cortex, the front area of our brain that can affect attention, cognitive control and our ability to regulate emotions.
芝加哥拉什大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心精神病學(xué)和行為科學(xué)助理教授喬伊斯·塔姆說，憤怒會損害我們的認(rèn)知功能。它會影響大腦前額葉的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，前額葉是大腦的前面區(qū)域，負(fù)責(zé)注意力、認(rèn)知控制和調(diào)節(jié)情緒的能力。
Doctors are also gaining a better understanding of how anger affects your GI system.
醫(yī)生們也逐漸對憤怒如何影響腸胃系統(tǒng)有了更深層次的了解。
The body’s sympathetic nervous system is activated, which shunts blood away from the gut to major muscles, says Stephen Lupe, director of behavioral medicine at the Cleveland Clinic’s department of gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition. This slows down movement in the GI tract, which can lead to problems like constipation.
克利夫蘭診所胃腸病科、肝病科和營養(yǎng)科的行為醫(yī)學(xué)主任斯蒂芬·盧皮解釋說，憤怒會激活身體的交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，這將導(dǎo)致血液從腸道流向主要肌肉，從而減緩胃腸道的運(yùn)動，導(dǎo)致便秘等問題。
You may have cause for concern if you’re angry for more days than not, or for large portions of the day, says Antonia Seligowski, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, who studies the brain-heart connection.
研究大腦和心臟之間聯(lián)系的馬薩諸塞州總醫(yī)院和哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院精神病學(xué)助理教授安東尼婭·賽麗戈烏斯基博士指出，如果你經(jīng)常感到憤怒，或者每天有很大一部分時(shí)間都在生氣，那就需要注意了。
Her group is looking at whether mental-health treatments, like certain types of talk therapy or breathing exercises, may also be able to improve some of the physical problems caused by anger.
她的研究小組正在調(diào)查心理健康治療方法（例如某些類型的談話療法或呼吸練習(xí)）是否也能改善憤怒引起的某些身體問題。
Other doctors recommend anger-management strategies. Hypnosis, meditation and mindfulness can help, says the Cleveland Clinic’s Lupe. So too can changing the way you respond to anger. Slow down your reactions. Try to notice how you feel and slow down your response, and then learn to express it.
克利夫蘭診所的盧皮博士推薦憤怒管理策略。他認(rèn)為，催眠、冥想和正念練習(xí)可以起到幫助。改變應(yīng)對憤怒的方式也很重要。盧皮博士建議：“放慢你的反應(yīng)速度。試著覺察自己的感受，慢一點(diǎn)再做出反應(yīng)，然后學(xué)會表達(dá)你的感受?！?/p>
重點(diǎn)詞匯：
1.gastrointestinal
英/ ?ɡ?str???n?test?nl; ?ɡ?str???nte?sta?nl /
美/ ?ɡ?stro??n?test?nl /
adj.胃腸的
2.prefrontal
英/ pri??fr?nt(?)l /
美/ pri?fr?nt?l /
adj.[解剖] 前額的；額葉前部的
3.cortex
英/ ?k??teks /
美/ ?k??rteks /
n.皮層，（尤指）大腦皮層；（植）皮層
4.gastroenterology
英/ ?ɡ?str???ent?r??l?d?i /
美/ ?ɡ?stro??ent??rɑ?l?d?i /
n.腸胃病學(xué)
5.hepatology
英/ ?hep??t?l?d?i /
美/ hep??tɑ?l?d?? /
n.[內(nèi)科] 肝臟病學(xué)；肝臟學(xué)
6.constipation
英/ ?k?nst??pe??n /
美/ ?kɑ?nst??pe??n /
n.[臨床] 便秘；受限制
> Word of the day丨h(huán)igh-standard socialist market economy system
每日一詞丨高水平社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制
China that a high-standard socialist market economy will provide an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We must better leverage the role of the market, foster a fairer and more dynamic market environment, and make resource allocation as efficient and productive as possible.
中國共產(chǎn)黨第二十屆中央委員會第三次全體會議提出，高水平社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制是中國式現(xiàn)代化的重要保障。必須更好發(fā)揮市場機(jī)制作用，創(chuàng)造更加公平、更有活力的市場環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置效率最優(yōu)化和效益最大化。
【知識點(diǎn)】
中國共產(chǎn)黨第二十屆中央委員會第三次全體會議，于2024年7月15日至18日在北京舉行。全會指出，進(jìn)一步全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是繼續(xù)完善和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度，推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。到二〇三五年，全面建成高水平社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，中國特色社會主義制度更加完善，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化，為到本世紀(jì)中葉全面建成社會主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。要聚焦構(gòu)建高水平社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，聚焦發(fā)展全過程人民民主，聚焦建設(shè)社會主義文化強(qiáng)國，聚焦提高人民生活品質(zhì)，聚焦建設(shè)美麗中國，聚焦建設(shè)更高水平平安中國，聚焦提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和長期執(zhí)政能力，繼續(xù)把改革推向前進(jìn)。到二〇二九年中華人民共和國成立八十周年時(shí)，完成《中共中央關(guān)于進(jìn)一步全面深化改革、推進(jìn)中國式現(xiàn)代化的決定》提出的改革任務(wù)。
全會提出，高水平社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制是中國式現(xiàn)代化的重要保障。必須更好發(fā)揮市場機(jī)制作用，創(chuàng)造更加公平、更有活力的市場環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置效率最優(yōu)化和效益最大化，既“放得活”又“管得住”，更好維護(hù)市場秩序、彌補(bǔ)市場失靈，暢通國民經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)，激發(fā)全社會內(nèi)生動力和創(chuàng)新活力。要毫不動搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，保證各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護(hù)，促進(jìn)各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)、共同發(fā)展。要構(gòu)建全國統(tǒng)一大市場，完善市場經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)制度。