英語新聞∣問天實驗艙發(fā)射成功
Rocketblasts off and carries craft to nearly 400 km above the ground
Wentian, the first lab module of China's space station, has successfully docked with the combination of the Tianhe core module, according to the China Manned Space Agency.
The Wentian module docked with the front port of Tianhe at 3:13 am Monday (Beijing Time), after it entered the planned orbit and completed state setting.
中國空間站首個科學實驗艙問天實驗艙發(fā)射成功，并于北京時間7月25日凌晨3時13分與天和核心艙前向對接口對接成功。
The whole process took approximately 13 hours, the CMSA said.
據中國載人航天工程辦公室表示，整個交會對接過程持續(xù)13個小時。
China launched its Wentian space laboratory on Sunday afternoon, sending the country's largest-ever spacecraft into Earth's orbit to become part of the Tiangong space station.
問天實驗艙是我國發(fā)射的最大的飛行器，將成為天宮空間站的組成部分。
Encased in a 20.5-meter-long payload, the space lab was carried by a Long March 5B rocket that blasted off at 2:22 pm from acoastalservice tower in the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province.
After a flight of about eight minutes, the rocket placed the craft into a low-Earth orbit nearly 400 kilometers above the ground.
7月24日14時22分，搭載問天實驗艙的長征五號B遙三運載火箭在我國文昌航天發(fā)射場準時點火發(fā)射。約495秒后，問天實驗艙與火箭成功分離并進入預定軌道。
The Shenzhou XIV mission crew now flying with the Tiangong－mission commander Senior Colonel Chen Dong, Senior Colonel Liu Yang and Senior Colonel Cai Xuzhe－will then enter the lab module to check its condition and internal equipment, it said.
問天實驗艙將按照預定程序與核心艙組合體進行交會對接，神舟十四號航天員乘組將進入問天實驗艙開展工作。
In the coming weeks, Wentian will be repositioned by a robot apparatus from the forward docking port to a lateral port, where it will remain and be prepared for long-term operations, mission planners said.
問天實驗艙目前已經與核心艙的前項對接口完成交會對接，形成一個“一”字組合體。而在完成各項準備工作后，后續(xù)它還將轉位到核心艙的側向對接口，因此問天實驗艙上還安裝了轉位機械臂，用來完成實驗艙與核心艙之間的轉位對接。
To prepare for Wentian's arrival, the Tianzhou 3 cargo spacecraft departed from the Tiangong station on July 17 to leave its docking hatch for the lab. The cargo ship, which was launched in September and had remained connected to Tiangong since then, will be guided by ground controllers to eventually fall back to Earth.
為了迎接問天實驗艙的到來，天舟3號貨運飛船于7月17日撤離天宮空間站，將對接口留給問天實驗艙。天舟3號貨運飛船于去年9月發(fā)射升空，后續(xù)將在地面控制下返回地球。
Before Wentian's docking, Tiangong consisted of the Tianhe module, the Tianzhou 4 cargo ship and the Shenzhou XIV spacecraft.
在問天實驗艙與核心艙組合體進行交會對接之前，天宮空間站包括天和實驗艙、天舟四號貨運飛船和神州十四號。
Assembled at a manufacturing and testing complex in the northern municipality of Tianjin, Wentian was transported by ship and arrived in Wenchang in late April. It underwent function and prelaunch checks over the past three months at the launch center.
問天實驗艙在天津制造和組裝，于4月船運抵達文昌。在發(fā)射前三個月里，經過一系列發(fā)射前檢查。
Platform for science
科學實驗平臺
The first lab component of the Tiangong station, Wentian featurescutting-edgetechnologies, strong capabilities, sophisticated design and represents a new milestone in China's space industry. It incorporates the wisdom, dedication and hard work of numerous scientists, engineers and technicians, according to the China Academy of Space Technology, which was responsible for designing and making the craft.
作為中國空間站的首個科學實驗倉，問天實驗艙具有前沿技術、強大能力和復雜設計，是中國航天事業(yè)的里程碑。據中國空間技術研究院介紹，問天實驗艙凝聚了眾多科學家、工程師和技術人員的智慧，是中國航天人無私奉獻和辛勤工作的結果。
The vehicle consists of three major parts－a crew working compartment, an airlock cabin and an unpressurized service module.
問天實驗艙由工作艙、氣閘艙、資源艙構成，每個艙段都承擔著不同的功能。
Weighing 23 metric tons, the space lab is 17.9 meters tall, roughlyequivalentto a six-story residential building, and has a diameter of 4.2 meters. It is the largest and heaviest spacecraft China has ever built and also the world's heaviest self-propelled spaceship in service, said Zhang Qiao, head designer of Wentian's overall structure.
據航天科技集團五院空間站系統總體主任設計師張昊介紹，問天實驗艙全長17.9米，重約23噸，相當于一棟六層樓房，最大直徑4.2米，是目前我國最大的單艙主動飛行器。
The flexible solar panels of the lab are the largest of their kind in China. When fully unfolded, they are more than 55 meters long and have a combined area of nearly 280 square meters.
問天實驗艙太陽翼單翼展開陣面加上一些安裝結構，長度接近28米，兩個太陽翼全部展開將近56米，比空間站三個艙組合在一起的艙體尺寸還要大，且一個太陽翼陣面面積可達100多平方米。
After Wentian is connected to the Tianhe module, its airlock cabin will replace the one on Tianhe to become the main place for astronauts to put on their spacewalk suits and move out of the space station.
"Its inner space is bigger than that of the airlock cabin on the core module while its hatch is wider, making it easier for astronauts to make preparations and carry out spacewalks," Zhang said.
未來，氣閘艙將成為整個空間站系統的主要出艙通道。氣閘艙比節(jié)點艙更加整潔，艙內只配置了與出艙相關的設備，沒有其他管路電纜的羈絆；艙門直徑達1米，比節(jié)點艙艙門直徑大15厘米。“航天員從這里進進出出，可以更舒展、更從容，還能攜帶大個頭的設備出艙工作，出艙能力大大提升?！睆堦徽f。
Inside the gigantic lab, there are eight scientific cabinets. They will mainly be used for biological and life science studies and can support research on the growth, aging and genetic traits of plants, animals and microbes in the environment of space, he said.
在問天實驗艙的工作艙里，配備了8個實驗機柜，未來可以支持空間生命科學研究以及相應的一些變重力科學實驗。開展擬南芥、線蟲、果蠅、斑馬魚等動植物的空間生長實驗，預期成果將促進人類對生命現象本質的理解，揭示微重力對生物個體生長、發(fā)育與衰老的影響，探索空間輻射生物學和生命起源機理，并為航天員健康和防護提供科學依據。
Outside the airlock cabin, there are 22 extravehicular payload adapters capable of carrying scientific equipment needed for experiments that require exposure to the space environment, cosmic rays,vacuumand solar winds, Zhang added.
在氣閘艙外的暴露實驗平臺上，還配置了22個標準載荷接口。在空間站搭載的科學實驗載荷，可以通過機械臂精準‘投送’到自己對應的載荷接口位置，不再需要航天員出艙進行人工操作，既降低了航天員的工作強度和風險，又可以靈活高效支持艙外載荷試驗。
"In addition to its scientific functions, Wentian also serves as a backup control station to the Tianhe core module in case of emergencies or malfunctions. It has all the same flight-control devices as those inside the core module to operate the entire Tiangong station," Zhang said.
“除了科學實驗，問天實驗艙還可以作為天和核心艙的備用控制站，以應對緊急情況或故障。它的飛行控制裝置與運行整個天宮空間站的核心艙內部的控制裝置相同?！?/p>
The designer added that the craft also has three separate sleeping quarters and an independent section for personal hygiene. They can be used in emergencies orhandoversby two crews.
問天實驗艙的工作艙內設有3個睡眠區(qū)和1個衛(wèi)生區(qū)，可在緊急情況或兩組航天員乘組交接時使用。
Wentian also has a five-meter robotic arm that can be used to move small and medium-sized equipment. It can be linked with the 10-meter robotic arm on the Tianhe module to create a joint arm capable of reaching all major parts of the Tiangong station, according to the designer.
問天實驗艙的小機械臂長度約5米，承載能力為3噸，其設計目的是抓握中小型設備，進行更為精細化的操作。天和核心艙配備的大機械臂展開長度達10米、最大承載質量25噸。大小機械臂還可以組合使用，組成約15米長的組合臂，開展更多的艙外操作。
Engineering marvel
工程奇跡
Pang Zhihao, an observer of manned spaceflights, said the Wentian program is one of the most challenging and sophisticated space programs China has embarked on.
載人航天飛行觀察員龐之浩表示，問天實驗艙是中國已經開始的最具挑戰(zhàn)性和最復雜的航天計劃之一。
"You can imagine just how difficult it must have been to design, manufacture and deploy such a massive, advanced space lab," he said.
“設計、制造和部署如此龐大、先進的太空實驗室非常困難。”
"Now that it has been successfully launched, new challenges are emerging in terms of its flight control, trajectory maneuvers and docking. Both Wentian and Tianhe are big and heavy while there are astronauts inside the Tianhe. We have no prior experience of connecting two spacecraft of this size."
“現在問天實驗艙已經成功發(fā)射，在飛行控制、彈道機動和對接方面會出現新的挑戰(zhàn)。問天實驗艙和天和空間站都是又大又重，而天和空間站里面還有宇航員。我們之前沒有將兩個如此大的航天器連接起來的經驗?！?/p>
Wang Yanan, editor-in-chief of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, called the space lab a "marvel of modern engineering and technology". He said that once scientific equipment inside Wentian begins to operate, the equipment will become valuable assets for scientists around the world by making many new science ideas possible and fostering international cooperation.
《航天知識》雜志主編王亞男稱該空間實驗室是“現代工程技術的奇跡”。他說，一旦問天內部的科學設備開始運行，它將成為世界各地科學家的寶貴資產，它會帶來新的科學思想，并促進國際合作。
Mission planners said the Tiangong station's second lab, Mengtian, will be lifted by a Long March 5B from Wenchang in October.
任務規(guī)劃人員表示，天宮空間站的第二個實驗室——夢天實驗艙將于10月由長征五號B運載火箭從文昌發(fā)射升空。
After it is connected with the Tiangong, the station will form a T-shaped structure and astronauts will have as much as 110 cubic meters of usable space.
夢天實驗艙與天宮空間站對接后，空間站將形成一個T型結構，宇航員將有多達110立方米的可用空間。
After the labs, the Tianzhou 5 cargo craft and the Shenzhou XV crew are scheduled to arrive at the massive orbiting outpost around the end of the year.
在夢天實驗艙之后，在今年年底還將實施天舟五號貨運飛船和神舟十五號載人飛船發(fā)射任務。
Upon its completion, the Tiangong will be manned regularly by groups of three astronauts in periods usually lasting six months. During handovers to a new three-astronaut group, the station will accommodate up to six astronauts.
天宮空間站建成后，將定期由三名宇航員組成的小組進行載人飛行，時間通常為六個月。問天實驗艙可以與核心艙一起支持兩艘載人飛船輪換期間6名航天員的生活。
In the long run, the orbiting outpost will be capable of docking with multiple crewed and cargo ships at the same time and will also be able to link with foreign spacecraft if they have a Chinese-standard docking hatch.
從長遠來看，天宮空間站能夠同時與多艘載人飛船和貨船對接，如果其他國家航天器有中國標準的對接艙口也可對接。
Currently, Tiangong is manned by the Shenzhou XIV mission crew, who entered the station late on June 5, several hours after their spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China.
目前，天宮空間站由神舟十四號乘組運行。6月5日，神舟十四號載人飛行在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心發(fā)射成功。
The third group of Tiangong occupants, Chen and his teammates are scheduled to stay in the station for six months to monitor the assembly of the colossal station in space.
作為天宮空間站的第三批宇航員乘組，宇航員陳冬、劉洋（女）和蔡旭哲預計在空間站停留6個月，以監(jiān)測空間站在太空中的組裝過程。
The flight of the three astronauts has inaugurated a 10-year period in which, barring unforeseen circumstances, Chinese astronauts will be in space every day.
在接下來10年中，太空中每天都會有中國宇航員。
blast off
英[blɑ:st ?f]美[bl?st ?f]
V.炸掉[炸毀]某物； 離地升空，發(fā)射
coastal
英[?k??stl]美[?ko?stl]
adj. 近海的，沿海的
cutting-edge
英['k?t??'ed?]美['k?t??'ed?]
adj.前沿的，最前沿的
equivalent
英[??kw?v?l?nt]美[??kw?v?l?nt]
adj.相等的，相同的
vacuum
英[?v?kju?m]美[?v?kju?m]
n.真空; 空白; 空虛; 清潔
Handover
英[?h?nd??v?(r)]美[?h?ndo?v?r]
n. 移交; 交接
