在喜馬拉雅已支持實(shí)時(shí)字幕
關(guān)注公眾號(hào)“高效英語磨耳朵”獲取文稿和音頻
詞匯提示
1.secretary 秘書
2.conflict 沖突
3.controversies 爭(zhēng)議
4.obstacle 障礙
5.dictated 決定
6.procedure 程序
7.prejudice 偏見
8.adamant 堅(jiān)定
9.rejection 拒絕
10.embodiment 典型
11.indecent 下流
12.inherently 天然
13.demonstration 示威
14.boycott 抵制
15.debt 債務(wù)
16.notoriously 臭名昭著
17.negotiating 協(xié)商
原文
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee（IOC） was formed in 1896 to govern the organization and development of what were understood to be a modern version of the Greek Olympic Games.
Its first president was Dimitros Vikelas，a Greek，and its secretary was Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin.
De Coubertin's energy and his vision have been the true inspiration behind the modern Olympic movement.
The IOC has effectively governed the Olympic movement for over 100 years.
However，that period of time has seen many conflicts and controversies with the IOC and in the Olympic movement as a whole.
At first，the main obstacle de Coubertin faced to creating an international Olympic movement was the lack of organization of sport internationally.
Early sports organizations-most of them amateur-had trouble organizing their own sports and leagues nationally.
As a result，cooperating with the IOC internationally was an extreme challenge.
In the early years，de Coubertin's own vision for the Games dictated much of the IOC's policies and procedures.
His prejudices also influenced the movement.
For example，de Coubertin was adamant in his rejection of female athletes' participation in the Games.
An embodiment of Victorian ideals and prejudices，de Coubertin thought women' place was in the home，and bearing and raising children.
Indeed，he thought of women's competition as unnatural，immoral，and “indecent”.
As a result of de Coubertin's powerful position within the IOC，it would take many years to have women participating in any significant way.
The IOC has always claimed a “hands-off” approach to political struggles and controversies surrounding the Games.
Claiming，now for over 100 years，that the IOC is not a political organization，and that sport in its purest sense（one represented best by the IOC，of course）is inherently nonpolitical，the IOC has always had trouble answering critics who point out obvious exceptions to claim.
At the simplest level，the act of competing under national flags-something the IOC encourages-is a political event.
At a higher political level，the Olympic Games have been used for political demonstration through boycotts，and the Olympic movement was probably the most visible means of symbolically fighting the Cold War.
The post-World War Two years were lean ones for the Olympic movement.
The IOC and hosting cities and nations often had trouble breaking even.
At its worst，the Games went into great financial debt，most notoriously in the Summer Games in Montreal in 1976.
However，since that time，the Games have taken a more“market friendly”approach，encouraging private sponsorship and negotiating massive television contracts with networks around the world，especially those in the U.S.A.
As a result，the IOC is a much more financially solvent organization than it was a few decades ago.
However，it is not clear that the IOC is following its founder's original plan for the movement.
After all，de Coubertin was a pure amateur at heart.
The current commercially oriented Olympic would make de Coubertin concerned，to say the least.
翻譯
國際奧委會(huì)
國際奧林匹克委員會(huì)（IOC）成立于1896年，負(fù)責(zé)管理現(xiàn)代版希臘奧運(yùn)會(huì)的組織和發(fā)展。
第一任總統(tǒng)是希臘人迪米特羅斯·維凱拉斯，秘書是法國人皮埃爾·德·顧拜旦。
顧拜旦的精力和遠(yuǎn)見是現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)背后的真正靈感。
100多年來，國際奧委會(huì)一直有效地管理著奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)。
然而，這段時(shí)間里國際奧委會(huì)以及整個(gè)奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生了許多沖突和爭(zhēng)議。
起初，顧拜旦創(chuàng)立國際奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)面臨的主要障礙是缺乏國際體育組織。
早期的體育組織——大多數(shù)是業(yè)余的——在全國范圍內(nèi)組織自己的運(yùn)動(dòng)和聯(lián)盟時(shí)遇到了困難。
因此，在國際上與國際奧委會(huì)合作是一個(gè)極端的挑戰(zhàn)。
在早期，顧拜旦自己對(duì)奧運(yùn)會(huì)的愿景決定了國際奧委會(huì)的許多政策和程序。
他的偏見也影響了這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
例如，顧拜旦堅(jiān)決反對(duì)女運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
作為維多利亞時(shí)代理想和偏見的體現(xiàn)，顧拜旦認(rèn)為婦女的地位在于家庭、生育和撫養(yǎng)孩子。
事實(shí)上，他認(rèn)為女性的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是不自然、不道德和“不雅的”。
由于顧拜旦在國際奧委會(huì)中的強(qiáng)大地位，要讓女性以任何重要的方式參與，都需要很多年。
國際奧委會(huì)一直主張對(duì)圍繞奧運(yùn)會(huì)的政治斗爭(zhēng)和爭(zhēng)議采取“不干涉”的態(tài)度。
100多年來，國際奧委會(huì)一直聲稱國際奧委會(huì)不是一個(gè)政治組織，而且最純粹的意義上的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)（當(dāng)然，國際奧委會(huì)最能代表的運(yùn)動(dòng)）本質(zhì)上是非政治性的，因此國際奧委會(huì)一直難以回答那些指出明顯例外的批評(píng)。
在最簡(jiǎn)單的層面上，國際奧委會(huì)鼓勵(lì)的在國旗下比賽的行為是一個(gè)政治事件。
在更高的政治層面上，奧運(yùn)會(huì)被用來通過抵制進(jìn)行政治示威，而奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)可能是象征性地對(duì)抗冷戰(zhàn)的最明顯的手段。
二戰(zhàn)后對(duì)奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)來說是艱難的幾年。
國際奧委會(huì)和主辦城市及國家經(jīng)常難以收支平衡。
在最糟糕的情況下，奧運(yùn)會(huì)陷入了巨大的財(cái)政債務(wù)，最臭名昭著的是1976年蒙特利爾夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
然而，從那時(shí)起，奧運(yùn)會(huì)采取了一種更“市場(chǎng)友好”的方式，鼓勵(lì)私人贊助，并與世界各地的電視臺(tái)，尤其是美國的電視臺(tái)協(xié)商大量電視合同。
因此，國際奧委會(huì)在財(cái)政上比幾十年前更有償付能力。
然而，目前尚不清楚國際奧委會(huì)是否遵循其創(chuàng)始人最初的運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)劃。
畢竟，顧拜旦本質(zhì)上是個(gè)純粹的業(yè)余愛好者。
至少可以說，當(dāng)前以商業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的奧運(yùn)會(huì)將讓顧拜旦感到擔(dān)憂。
